NATO uses the regular English numeric words (Zero, One, with some alternative pronunciations), whereas the ITU (beginning on 1 April 1969) and the IMO define compound numeric words (Nadazero, Unaone, Bissotwo.). The same alphabetic code words are used by all agencies, but each agency chooses one of two different sets of numeric code words. 4.3 International maritime mobile serviceĪfter the phonetic alphabet was developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) (see history below) it was adopted by many other international and national organizations, including the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United States Federal Government as Federal Standard 1037C: Glossary of Telecommunications Terms, and its successors ANSI T1.523-2001 and ATIS Telecom Glossary (ATIS-0100523.2019), (using the English spellings "Alpha" and "Juliet"), the United States Department of Defense (using standard spellings), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU), the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International (APCO) and by many military organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the now-defunct Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).To change one word involves reconsideration of the whole alphabet to ensure that the change proposed to clear one confusion does not itself introduce others. One of the firmest conclusions reached was that it was not practical to make an isolated change to clear confusion between one pair of letters. It is known that has been prepared only after the most exhaustive tests on a scientific basis by several nations. Strict adherence to the prescribed spellings-including the apparently misspelled "Alfa" and "Juliett"-is required in order to avoid the problems of confusion that the code is designed to overcome. Numbers are read off as English digits, but the pronunciations of three, four, five, nine and thousand are modified. The 26 code words are as follows: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. The words were chosen to be accessible to speakers of French and Spanish in addition to English the spellings of a couple of code words were changed to facilitate their use.Īlthough spelling alphabets are commonly called "phonetic alphabets", they should not be confused with phonetic transcription systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet. In 1956, NATO modified the then-current set of code words used by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) this modification then became the international standard when it was accepted by the ICAO that year and by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) a few years later. The specific code words varied, as some seemingly distinct words were found to be ineffective in real-life conditions. To create the code, a series of international agencies assigned 26 code words acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet, so that the names for letters and numbers would be as distinct as possible so as to be easily understood by those who exchanged voice messages by radio or telephone, regardless of language differences or the quality of the connection. The ITU phonetic alphabet and figure code is a rarely used variant that differs in the code words for digits. The (International) Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet, NATO spelling alphabet, ICAO phonetic alphabet or ICAO spelling alphabet, is the most widely used radiotelephone spelling alphabet. FAA radiotelephony alphabet and Morse code chart
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